Thyroid & Parathyroid Conditions

The most common types of thyroid disorders are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a condition that occurs when the thyroid is overactive and produces excessive hormones. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:

• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
• Anxiety
• Fatigue
• Heat intolerance and excessive sweating
• Weight loss
• Increased bowel movement frequency

Hypothyroidism is a condition with the opposite effects. With this condition, the body’s thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones, causing symptoms such as:

• Fatigue and depression
• Dry skin and puffy face
• Sensitivity to cold
• Weight gain
• Constipation

Another type of thyroid condition affects the thyroid nodules, which manifest as lumps or cysts on the thyroid. These nodules can cause breathing or swallowing problems and may affect hormone production, causing symptoms similar to hyperthyroidism.

Parathyroid conditions typically fall into one of two categories: hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism. Those suffering from hyperparathyroidism experience symptoms caused by the production of too much hormone by the parathyroid glands. These symptoms may include:

• Osteoporosis and kidney stones
• Bone and joint pain
• Weakness and lethargy
• Depression and memory issues
• Loss of appetite and constipation

Hypoparathyroidism is the result of the opposite condition, where the parathyroid glands produce too little hormone. For those with this condition, symptoms may include:

• Muscle cramps and aches
• Fatigue and weakness
• Anxiety and mood swings
• Tingling sensations in the fingers, toes, and lips

If you’re experiencing symptoms such as unexplained weight changes, fatigue, or a persistent lump in your neck, it may be time to speak to one of our specialists. During your visit, our ENT specialists will provide a thorough evaluation to determine if your symptoms are related to thyroid or parathyroid dysfunction.

Many people wonder how these conditions occur. Several factors can lead to the development of these conditions. For example, the thyroid can be affected by:

• Hyperthyroidism: Common causes include Grave’s disease (an autoimmune disorder), thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid), overactive thyroid nodules, too much iodine, or a pituitary gland tumor.

• Hypothyroidism: Common causes of hypothyroidism can include Hashimoto’s disease (another autoimmune disorder), thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, or medications such as lithium.
• Thyroid Nodules: These may result from iodine deficiency, thyroid cysts, Hashimoto’s disease, or an enlarged thyroid.

Parathyroid disorders similarly can have a variety of causes. These can include:

• Hyperparathyroidism: This condition is often caused by a benign tumor, called an adenoma, in one of the parathyroid glands. It may also result from hyperplasia, where the parathyroid glands become enlarged.
• Hypoparathyroidism: causes can include injury to the parathyroid glands during surgery, certain endocrine disorders, or genetic conditions.

Treatment depends on the specific condition and its severity. Generally, treatment for both of these conditions will include:

• Medication: Many thyroid conditions, such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, can be managed with prescription medications that regulate hormone levels. Our team of specialists will guide you on taking the medication and monitoring for any potential side effects.

• Surgery: For cases involving thyroid cancer, thyroid nodules, or severe hyperparathyroidism, surgery may be recommended. Surgical procedures often involve removing part or all of the thyroid or parathyroid glands. Our surgeons will explain the procedure in more detail, including how to prepare and any necessary aftercare required for an optimal outcome.

No matter the condition or recommended treatment, we’re committed to guiding you through every step of your journey.