Neck & Throat Cancer

Throat cancer can be classified based on the area it affects. Understanding the type is crucial to developing the treatment plan.

• Oral Cavity Cancer: Involves the lips, tongue, gums, floor of the mouth, and the hard and soft palates

• Laryngeal Cancer: Affects the voice box (larynx)

• Pharyngeal Cancer: Occurs in any part of the throat except the voice box
• Salivary Gland Cancer: Affects the salivary glands

Each type of throat cancer requires a specific approach to treatment based on its location and stage.

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing throat cancer:

• Tobacco Use, including smoking and chewing

• Excessive alcohol consumption

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Viral infections, including the human papillomavirus, HPV, and, Epstein-Barr virus, or EBV.

Reducing exposure to these risk factors can help lower your chances of developing throat cancer.

Throat cancer can have a variety of symptoms, but the most common signs to look for include:

• Persistent chronic cough
• Difficulty swallowing or pain when eating or drinking

• Ear or throat pain that doesn’t go away

• Hoarseness or scratchy voice that persists
• Unexplained weight loss

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, contact us to discuss possible causes, diagnosis, and treatments.

While a self-examination can’t definitively diagnose throat cancer, there are steps you can take to monitor any abnormal changes:

• Check your neck for unexplained lumps or swelling
• Examine your lips, cheeks, gums, and inside your mouth for red or white patches
• If you notice any unusual changes or symptoms lasting more than two weeks, it’s essential to schedule an appointment with one of our ENT specialists.

Remember that some symptoms of throat cancer can’t be detected through a self-exam, so it’s always best to seek a consultation with our team if you have concerns.

When you meet with our specialists, we’ll diagnose your condition by completing a comprehensive evaluation of your symptoms, including how long you’ve been experiencing issues and their impact on your daily life. We will then perform several diagnostic tests to provide a clear understanding of your condition:

• Endoscopy: A thin, lighted scope is used to examine your throat and detect abnormalities.

• Laryngoscopy: A scope is inserted to examine the voice box.

• Biopsy: A small tissue sample may be taken to test for cancer cells.
• Imaging Tests: Scans such as CT, MRI, or PET scans may be used to assess the size and spread of any masses or tumors, if applicable.

These tests help determine the type, stage, and location of the cancer, which guides how it’s treated.

Treatments for throat cancer can vary depending on the tumor size, location, and whether it has spread to other areas. Our team will work closely with you to create a personalized treatment plan and ensure your complete understanding of options. Some  common treatments for throat cancer include:

• Surgery: Removes the tumor and surrounding tissue. The type of surgery depends on the cancer’s location and size.

• Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It may be used alone for smaller tumors or with other treatments for more advanced cancers.
• Chemotherapy: Administered to destroy cancer cells and often combined with radiation for cancers in more advanced stages.

Following treatment, you may require additional therapies, such as speech therapy or swallowing therapy, to help you regain function if the cancer treatment has affected your ability to speak or swallow.