Acoustic neuromas, though less common than hearing loss caused by aging or noise exposure, are an important concern. This non-cancerous tumor can affect hearing, balance and other functions, leading to significant health issues over time.
Understanding Acoustic Neuromas: Types & Symptoms
Acoustic neuromas are generally slow-growing and initially may not cause noticeable issues. These benign tumors develop on the vestibular nerve, which plays a key role in balance. While they are not cancerous, their growth can lead to serious complications if they begin to press on the brainstem.
Types of Acoustic Neuromas
There are two primary types of acoustic neuromas: unilateral and bilateral.
- Unilateral Acoustic Neuromas: These tumors develop in only one ear and are the most common type. They can affect individuals of any age but are most frequently diagnosed in people between the ages of 30 and 60. Although their exact cause is unclear, factors like noise exposure, radiation to the head and neck and possibly even cellphone usage are suspected to play a role.
- Bilateral Acoustic Neuromas: Much rarer, these tumors occur in both ears and are linked to a genetic condition called neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), which results from a defect on chromosome 22. If a parent has this genetic defect, there is a 50% chance their child will develop bilateral acoustic neuromas.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Early-stage acoustic neuromas might not cause any symptoms.
However, as they grow, the following issues may arise:
- Hearing loss in one ear, often affecting higher frequencies
- A feeling of fullness or congestion in the ear
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ear)
- Dizziness or vertigo
- Difficulty with balance or unsteadiness
- Numbness or tingling in the face
- Headaches and confusion
Treatment Options for Acoustic Neuromas
When determining the best approach for treating an acoustic neuroma, your specialist will consider several factors, such as the size and rate of growth of the tumor, your overall health and your personal preferences.
Monitoring Small Tumors
For small, slow-growing acoustic neuromas, immediate treatment may not be necessary. Instead, regular monitoring through checkups and MRIs can help track the tumor’s growth and assess whether intervention is needed in the future.
Addressing Larger Tumors
Larger acoustic neuromas, especially those that start pressing against the brainstem, can result in severe complications, including life-threatening conditions. These tumors typically require surgical removal.
Depending on the specific symptoms and tumor size, treatment options may include procedures like craniotomy or stereotactic radiosurgery.
Following surgery, many patients will need rehabilitation for hearing and balance issues. In some cases, procedures to remove the tumor can lead to permanent hearing loss or facial nerve damage. However, hearing aids or cochlear implants may help restore some hearing abilities for affected patients.
If you’re seeking more information about acoustic neuromas or need to consult a specialist, reach out to the team at Pinnacle ENT Associates. They can provide expert guidance and treatment options tailored to your condition.